{"id":95535,"date":"2025-07-03T11:53:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T03:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/toxic-legacy-the-fight-against-the-bureau-spring-valley-waste-incinerator-an-in-depth-look-at-the-history-and-controversy-surrounding-the-facility\/"},"modified":"2025-07-03T11:53:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T03:53:49","slug":"toxic-legacy-the-fight-against-the-bureau-spring-valley-waste-incinerator-an-in-depth-look-at-the-history-and-controversy-surrounding-the-facility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/toxic-legacy-the-fight-against-the-bureau-spring-valley-waste-incinerator-an-in-depth-look-at-the-history-and-controversy-surrounding-the-facility\/","title":{"rendered":"Toxic Legacy: The Fight Against the Bureau Spring Valley Waste Incinerator &#8211; an in-depth look at the history and controversy surrounding the facility."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Toxic Legacy: The Fight Against the Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a>, located in the rural community of Bureau, Illinois, has been a source of controversy and concern for local residents and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> activists for decades. The facility, which was commissioned in the 1970s, has been embroiled in a toxic legacy of <a href=\"https:\/\/ctwct.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"101\" title=\"pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pollution<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> risks, and community opposition. In this article, we will delve into the history of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> concerns surrounding it, and the ongoing fight against its operation.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>History of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> was built in 1973 by the Bureau County Board of Supervisors to serve as a regional <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management facility. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> was designed to burn municipal solid <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a>, including household trash, industrial <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a>, and hazardous materials. At the time, the facility was touted as a state-of-the-art solution to <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management, with promises of efficient and safe operations. However, from the outset, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has been plagued by problems, including <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> of toxic pollutants, ash <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a> issues, and community complaints about odors and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> effects.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental<\/a> Concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> has been a source of significant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> concern due to its <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> of toxic pollutants, including dioxins, furans, and heavy metals. These pollutants have been linked to a range of <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> problems, including cancer, neurological damage, and reproductive issues. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has also been criticized for its ash <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a> practices, which have resulted in the contamination of local soil and water sources. In 2010, the Illinois <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental<\/a> Protection Agency (IEPA) found that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s ash landfill was leaking toxic pollutants into the groundwater, posing a risk to local drinking water sources.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health<\/a> Risks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> risks associated with the Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> have been a major concern for local residents and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> experts. Studies have shown that exposure to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> can increase the risk of respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung cancer. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has also been linked to higher rates of birth defects, neurological damage, and other <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> problems in nearby communities. In 2015, a study by the University of Illinois found that children living near the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> were more likely to experience respiratory problems and other <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> issues due to exposure to the facility&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Community Opposition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> has faced strong community opposition since its inception. Local residents have long complained about the facility&#8217;s odors, noise, and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> effects, and have organized numerous protests and rallies against its operation. In 2012, the Bureau County Board of Supervisors voted to close the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>, citing concerns about its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> impacts. However, the facility&#8217;s operator, Veolia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental<\/a> Services, has continued to operate the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>, citing contractual obligations and economic interests.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Fight Against the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The fight against the Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> has been led by local residents, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> activists, and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> experts. The Bureau County Citizens for Clean Air and Water, a grassroots organization, has been at the forefront of the opposition, organizing protests, petitions, and public awareness campaigns. The group has also worked with state and federal regulators to push for stricter <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> standards and increased enforcement of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> laws. In 2018, the IEPA announced plans to conduct a comprehensive review of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s operations and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> impacts, citing concerns about its compliance with state and federal regulations.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> has left a toxic legacy of <a href=\"https:\/\/ctwct.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"101\" title=\"pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pollution<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> risks, and community opposition in its wake. The facility&#8217;s history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> concerns, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> risks, and community complaints has sparked a decades-long fight against its operation. As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> continues to operate, local residents and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> activists remain committed to their campaign to close the facility and protect the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> and environment of their community. The Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of prioritizing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> and public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> concerns in the face of economic and industrial interests. Ultimately, the fight against this facility is a testament to the power of community activism and the need for greater accountability and transparency in the <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.co\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"100\" title=\"industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industry<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>What You Can Do<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If you are concerned about the Bureau Spring Valley <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incinerator<\/a> and its impact on the environment and public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a>, there are several ways you can get involved:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Contact your local representatives and express your opposition to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s operation.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Join the Bureau County Citizens for Clean Air and Water and participate in their campaigns and events.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Support organizations working to promote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> justice and public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> in your community.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Stay informed about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s operations and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> impacts by following local news and regulatory updates.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Together, we can work towards a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for our communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toxic Legacy: The Fight Against the Bureau Spring Valley Waste Incinerator The Bureau Spring Valley Waste Incinerator, located in the rural community of Bureau, Illinois, has been a source of controversy and concern for local residents and environmental activists for decades. The facility, which was commissioned in the 1970s, has been embroiled in a toxic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":95536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1640],"tags":[2902],"class_list":["post-95535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-us","tag-bureau-spring-valley-waste-incinerator"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95535"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95535\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}