{"id":141174,"date":"2025-08-26T23:52:33","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T15:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/managing-medical-waste-in-tanzania-the-aga-khan-hospitals-incinerator-as-a-model-for-sustainability\/"},"modified":"2025-08-26T23:52:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T15:52:33","slug":"managing-medical-waste-in-tanzania-the-aga-khan-hospitals-incinerator-as-a-model-for-sustainability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/managing-medical-waste-in-tanzania-the-aga-khan-hospitals-incinerator-as-a-model-for-sustainability\/","title":{"rendered":"Managing Medical Waste in Tanzania: The Aga Khan Hospital&#8217;s Incinerator as a Model for Sustainability"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> is a critical issue in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanzania-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"66\" title=\"tanzania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanzania<\/a>, where inadequate <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management practices pose significant risks to public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> and the environment. The Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a> in Dar es Salaam has taken a significant step towards addressing this challenge by installing a state-of-the-art <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>, which serves as a model for sustainable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management in the country.<\/p>\n<h2>The Problem of Medical Waste in Tanzania<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanzania-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"66\" title=\"tanzania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanzania<\/a> generates a significant amount of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a>, including hazardous materials such as infectious <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a>, sharps, and chemical <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a>. The country&#8217;s healthcare system is often overwhelmed, and inadequate <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management practices result in the <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> in landfills or through unregulated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-waste-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"108\" title=\"burning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burning<\/a>, which releases toxic pollutants into the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p>This not only poses a risk to public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> but also to the environment, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> can contaminate water sources and soil, and contribute to the spread of diseases. Furthermore, the lack of proper <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management infrastructure and regulations exacerbates the problem, making it essential to find sustainable and effective solutions.<\/p>\n<h2>The Aga Khan Hospital&#8217;s Incinerator: A Model for Sustainability<\/h2>\n<p>The Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> is a testament to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a>&#8217;s commitment to sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>, which was installed in 2019, uses advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.haiwoday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"99\" title=\"technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> to burn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> at high temperatures, reducing the volume of <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> by up to 90%. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> also features a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wet-scrubber.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"45\" title=\"scrubber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scrubber<\/a> system, which removes pollutants and particulate matter from the flue <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"90\" title=\"gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gas<\/a>, ensuring that the <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> meet international standards.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has several benefits, including:<\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Reduced greenhouse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"90\" title=\"gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gas<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a>: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> reduces the amount of <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> sent to landfills, which in turn reduces methane <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a>, a potent greenhouse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"90\" title=\"gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gas<\/a>.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Minimized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> impact: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wet-scrubber.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"45\" title=\"scrubber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scrubber<\/a> system ensures that pollutants and particulate matter are removed from the flue <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"90\" title=\"gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gas<\/a>, minimizing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> impact of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.incinerator-manufacturer.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"74\" title=\"incineration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incineration<\/a> process.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Improved public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a>: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> reduces the risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coronavirus-disease-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"67\" title=\"coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disease<\/a> transmission by destroying pathogenic microorganisms and other infectious materials.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Compliance with regulations: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> meets international standards for <a href=\"https:\/\/incinerator.cn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"94\" title=\"emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management, ensuring that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a> is in compliance with regulatory requirements.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Benefits and Impact<\/h2>\n<p>The Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has had a significant impact on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanzania-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"66\" title=\"tanzania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanzania<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a> has reported a reduction in <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a> costs, as well as a decrease in the amount of <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> sent to landfills. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has also created a new revenue stream for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a>, as it offers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.incinerator-manufacturer.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"74\" title=\"incineration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incineration<\/a> services to other healthcare facilities in the area.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> has raised awareness about the importance of proper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management and has inspired other healthcare facilities to adopt similar sustainable practices. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a>&#8217;s commitment to sustainability has also enhanced its reputation and credibility, both locally and internationally.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>The Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> is a shining example of sustainable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanzania-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"66\" title=\"tanzania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanzania<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital<\/a>&#8217;s commitment to environmentally friendly practices has not only reduced its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medical-incinerator.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"97\" title=\"environmental\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental<\/a> footprint but has also improved public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> and compliance with regulations. As the country continues to grapple with the challenges of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management, the Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> serves as a model for sustainability, inspiring other healthcare facilities to adopt similar best practices.<\/p>\n<p>By adopting sustainable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waste-incinerators.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"73\" title=\"medical\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> management practices, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanzania-incinerator.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"66\" title=\"tanzania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanzania<\/a> can reduce the risks associated with inadequate <a href=\"https:\/\/gofullday.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/cloverepe.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"96\" title=\"disposal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disposal<\/a>, protect public <a href=\"https:\/\/rfq.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"98\" title=\"health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health<\/a> and the environment, and promote a culture of sustainability in the healthcare sector. The Aga Khan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.net\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"hospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hospital<\/a>&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiclover.com\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"76\" title=\"incinerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incinerator<\/a> is a significant step towards achieving this goal, and its impact will be felt for years to come.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The disposal of medical waste is a critical issue in Tanzania, where inadequate waste management practices pose significant risks to public health and the environment. The Aga Khan Hospital in Dar es Salaam has taken a significant step towards addressing this challenge by installing a state-of-the-art incinerator, which serves as a model for sustainable medical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":141175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1652],"tags":[8501],"class_list":["post-141174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tanzania","tag-aga-khan-hospital-dar-es-salaam-tanzania-waste-incinerator"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141174"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141174\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/141175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hiclover.com\/one\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}