Introduction
Medical waste incineration is a common practice in many hospitals worldwide, including those in developing countries like Kenya. However, the environmental and health impacts of this practice have raised concerns among researchers, policymakers, and the general public. This study aims to investigate the environmental and health impacts of medical waste incineration at Siaya County Referral Hospital in Kenya.
Methodology
The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. A survey was conducted among hospital staff, patients, and nearby residents to gather information on their perceptions of the incineration practice and its impacts. Additionally, air and water samples were collected and analyzed to determine the levels of pollutants emitted by the incinerator.
Results
The study found that the incinerator at Siaya County Referral Hospital is a significant source of air pollution, emitting harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. The analysis of air samples revealed that the levels of these pollutants exceeded the recommended standards, posing a risk to the health of hospital staff, patients, and nearby residents. Furthermore, the study found that the incinerator is not properly maintained, leading to frequent breakdowns and unauthorized waste disposal practices.
The study also investigated the health impacts of medical waste incineration on hospital staff and nearby residents. The results showed that hospital staff who work near the incinerator are at a higher risk of respiratory problems, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nearby residents also reported experiencing respiratory problems, as well as other health issues such as headaches and skin irritations.
Discussion
The findings of this study highlight the need for proper management and regulation of medical waste incineration in Kenya. The government and hospital administrators must take immediate action to address the environmental and health impacts of this practice. This can be achieved by implementing alternative waste management technologies, such as autoclaving and recycling, and ensuring that incinerators are properly maintained and operated.
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In conclusion, the environmental and health impacts of medical waste incineration at Siaya County Referral Hospital in Kenya are significant. The study’s findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to medical waste management, one that prioritizes the health and well-being of hospital staff, patients, and nearby residents. By adopting alternative waste management technologies and ensuring proper incinerator maintenance, Kenya can reduce the risks associated with medical waste incineration and promote a healthier environment.
Recommendations
- The hospital should adopt alternative waste management technologies, such as autoclaving and recycling, to reduce the reliance on incineration.
- The incinerator should be properly maintained and operated to minimize pollutant emissions.
- Hospital staff who work near the incinerator should be provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) and regular health check-ups.
- Nearby residents should be educated on the risks associated with medical waste incineration and provided with measures to mitigate these risks.
- The government should establish and enforce regulations on medical waste management, including standards for incinerator emissions and waste disposal practices.
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