Air pollution has become a significant public health concern globally, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that nine out of ten people worldwide breathe polluted air. In Kenya, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of effective waste management systems, leading to the use of waste incinerators in various institutions, including hospitals and nursing homes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the waste incinerator at Nakuru Nursing and Maternity Home Ltd on the health of nearby residents.
Introduction
The Nakuru Nursing and Maternity Home Ltd, located in Nakuru County, Kenya, operates a waste incinerator to manage its medical waste. However, the incinerator has been a source of concern for nearby residents, who complain of respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other health issues. This study sought to determine the levels of air pollution emitted by the incinerator and assess the health risks posed to nearby residents.
Methodology
The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Air quality monitoring was conducted using a portable air quality monitor to measure the levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the incinerator. A questionnaire survey was also conducted among nearby residents to gather information on their health status, proximity to the incinerator, and perceived health effects.
Results
The air quality monitoring results showed that the incinerator emitted high levels of PM2.5, PM10, CO, and VOCs, exceeding the WHO recommended limits. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 35.6 μg/m3 and 120.8 μg/m3, respectively, while the mean CO concentration was 10.2 ppm. The VOCs detected included benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are known to be carcinogenic.
The questionnaire survey revealed that 75% of the respondents lived within 500 meters of the incinerator and reported experiencing respiratory problems, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Skin irritation, eye problems, and headaches were also common complaints. The study found a significant correlation between proximity to the incinerator and the reported health problems.
Discussion
The study’s findings suggest that the waste incinerator at Nakuru Nursing and Maternity Home Ltd is a significant source of air pollution, posing serious health risks to nearby residents. The high levels of PM2.5, PM10, CO, and VOCs emitted by the incinerator can cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer. The study’s results are consistent with previous research on the health effects of waste incineration, which has shown that incinerators can emit toxic pollutants that can harm human health and the environment.
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The study’s findings highlight the need for urgent action to address the air pollution problem caused by the waste incinerator at Nakuru Nursing and Maternity Home Ltd. The institution should consider alternative waste management methods, such as recycling and composting, to reduce its reliance on incineration. The government and regulatory agencies should also enforce stricter air quality regulations and monitor compliance to protect the health of nearby residents. Additionally, public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate residents on the health risks associated with air pollution and the importance of proper waste management.
Recommendations
Based on the study’s findings, the following recommendations are made:
- The Nakuru Nursing and Maternity Home Ltd should consider alternative waste management methods, such as recycling and composting, to reduce its reliance on incineration.
- The government and regulatory agencies should enforce stricter air quality regulations and monitor compliance to protect the health of nearby residents.
- Public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate residents on the health risks associated with air pollution and the importance of proper waste management.
- Regular air quality monitoring should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of any interventions implemented to reduce air pollution from the incinerator.
By taking these steps, we can reduce the health risks associated with air pollution and protect the well-being of nearby residents.
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